Networking is simply getting information or developing contacts from people you know. The process is no different than trying to find out about a movie or a good place to go for dinner. You ask around, and sooner or later you find someone who knows someone who can provide the information you seek. In the same way, everyone knows someone who can help him or her in the job search process.

Networking is an appropriate professional activity. It is also an exchange of information; the most successful networkers view the process as relationship building and not a transaction. When you develop a networking contact you may not have any pertinent information to share with them immediately, however, you can always offer your help in the future.

Possible networking sources include:

• Family, friends, and neighbors
• Your friend’s parents and your parent’s friends
• Alumni (see LinkedIn)
• Faculty, advisors, staff members
• Your classmates and former classmates
• Coaches and teammates
• Former employers and co-workers
• Members of professional, community, religious, political, or social organizations
• Human Resources Representatives at Job Fairs

• Decide what market, function, and industry you are going to target; make sure you can clearly explain your objectives.
• Make a list of your A – Level Contacts. Do not eliminate people because they do not seem to be in the right industry or field. They might know someone who is. These referrals will be B – Level Contacts.
• Call or email your contacts, be specific about what you’re looking for, and ask if they know anyone who could help you with advice, information, or referral.
• Keep adding to your network list. Your goal is to talk to anyone who is in a position to influence your job search.
• It is critical to move from your network into your contacts’ networks.
• Attend job fairs and cultivate a relationship with the company’s HR representative.

1. Develop a firm grasp of job search basics. Your basics should include researching industries and positions, writing effective resumes and cover letters to highlight your related work experience and projects, and brushing up on your interview skills.
2. Conduct a self-assessment. Talk to your career counselor about exercises and tools that are available. Research job descriptions and industries to see what’s out there and what appeals to you. Remember, you need to be able to communicate what you want and what you can offer when speaking with your contacts.
3. Decide how to organize your network. Create a spreadsheet and filing system to keep track of names, addresses, titles, emails, resumes sent, responses received, and contacts made.
4. Communicate with your network. Initiate contact and be sure to follow up your meetings with a thank you note! Remember to be assertive, not aggressive, and always be clear about your reasons for contact.
5. Initiate informational interviews. One of the best ways to gain more information about an occupation or industry — and to build a network of contacts in that field — is to talk with people who currently work in the field. The purpose of the informational interview is to obtain information and explore career ideas, not to get a job.

• Remember…you are not asking for a job. Some contacts may be resistant if you approach them with the singular intent of obtaining a job in their company. They may not be in a position to offer you a position. Instead, your goal should be to secure advice, information and referrals in the industries or organizations you have targeted.
• Leverage contact names as a door-opener. Use names you are given to get to a contact in your chosen field or a decision-maker; but first you must ask for permission. Then, you can lead with, “Pat Shulman suggested I contact you…”
• Do not worry about offending or intruding on people. Most people are flattered by requests for help or guidance.
• Use the opportunity to learn as much as you can. This process will prepare you for actual job interviews.
• Spend time preparing questions. See “Informational Interviewing” section for suggested questions to ask.
• Always ask for other contacts. The name of the game in networking is to talk to as many people as possible. Ask your contacts if they are willing to refer you to people in their network to continue your research and information gathering.
• Be certain to follow-up on every lead you get and acknowledge your appreciation for the assistance that you have received.
• Develop a tracking system (i.e., Excel spreadsheet) to keep yourself organized. Use it to plan additional follow up and outreach to new contacts.
• Craft an Elevator Pitch. You never know who you may run into in an elevator. This is why you need to craft a well designed elevator pitch which is a brief, persuasive speech that you use to spark interest in your organization, a project, or in yourself.

1. Identify the objective of your pitch.
   For example, do you want to connect your academic or internship experiences to a career? Do you have a skill or area of expertise that might be of interest to your contact? Or do you want to explore a specific job or organization?
2. Explain What You Do
   Your elevator pitch should describe your interests and experiences. Talk about how you approach your academics or your career exploration. Share some details about your thesis topic, volunteer work, or on-campus involvement.
3. Communicate Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
   Your elevator pitch also needs to communicate your USP. Highlight what makes you, your skills, or your personality, unique. You want to convey your USP after you tell the person what you are considering or exploring.
4. Engage Your Audience
   Once you have communicated your USP, you should engage the audience or individual by asking an open-ended question that encourages a full, meaningful answer (not a short answer with a “yes” or “no”). Make sure that you’re able to answer any questions that he or she may have.
5. Assemble the Components of Your Pitch
   Once you have crafted each section of your elevator pitch, you need to assemble all the components and run through your elevator pitch using a stopwatch. It should be no longer than 20-30 seconds. Otherwise, you risk losing the person’s interest or monopolizing the conversation.
6. Practice
   You should practice your pitch until it sounds natural and not like a sales pitch. The goal is to have a short smooth conversation heightening your USP.

LinkedIn is an online social media platform and an expansive professional database. Even students with limited work experience should have a profile to gain access to the vast information and research opportunity that LinkedIn provides.

Check out the Purposeful Work LinkedIn Guide to learn more!

Informational Interviewing is a very effective tool used for career exploration. It literally means that YOU interview someone to gather information that will help you choose a career, refine your career path, or break into your chosen field. This type of networking will help you gather information about different careers, clarify your career goals and expand your professional network.

Once you have arranged an informational interview, prepare a list ahead of time that includes the questions that are most interesting and helpful for you. For a typical 30-minute informational interview, choose 10-12 questions to ask.

ABOUT THEIR BACKGROUND
Can you tell me about your background and career path?
How did you get started in this type of work?
What do you like best about your career/job/employer?
How well did your college experience prepare you for this job?

ABOUT THE JOB, CAREER PATH & INDUSTRY
Can you describe a typical day or week on the job?
Why did you decide to work for this company?
What can you tell me about the corporate culture?
What skills/abilities are utilized in this occupation?
What other career areas do you feel are related to this work?
What is the salary range for various levels in this field?
What trends do you see for this industry in the next 3 to 5 years?
What can you tell me about the employment outlook in this industry?
What is a typical career path in this field or organization?

HOW TO GET A JOB
How did you get your job?
What is the best way to enter this occupation? What are the typical entry-level job titles?
How important are grades/GPA for obtaining a job in this field?
When I am ready to apply for a job, who should I contact?

ADVICE & REFERRALS
Do you have any advice for someone interested in this field?
Considering what you know about my skills and education, where might I fit in this field?
What experience, paid or volunteer, would you recommend?
What other careers would you suggest I research further before I make a final decision?
Based on our conversation today, what other people do you believe I should talk to? May I have permission to use your name when I contact them?

• Do realize why networking is important. Only 5 to 25 percent of jobs are advertised, so you can find out about all the unadvertised openings only through talking to as many people as possible and telling them you are looking for a job or internship.
• Do think creatively about where to find networking contacts. Friends, family, peers, previous employers, coaches, teachers, many others — you can find people to add to your network almost anywhere.
• Do join a professional organization in your field. Most organizations have student memberships, and some have job listings or networking events.
• Do volunteer or consider a temporary position. Sometimes you can get a great view of the inner workings of an organization, or several, without the commitment.
• Do find a mentor. A mentor — that one person who can guide you, help you, take you under their wing and nurture your career quest — can be the most valuable kind of contact.
• Do come up with a system for organizing your network contacts and documenting outcomes of those meetings.
• Don’t forget to thank everyone who has been helpful to you. Send a handwritten or email thank-you note within a day of any informational interview or networking conversation.
• Celebrate and share your good news. Send updates to all of your networking contacts when you accept a job or get accepted into graduate school.
• Return the favor. When someone in your network contacts you for advice or mentorship, offer to help as best you can. It may be surprising now, but someday Bates students will be reaching out to you!